11.2 [f]/[v]
11.3 [θ]/[ð]
11.4 [s]/[z]
11.5 [ʃ]/[ʒ]
11.6 [tʃ]/[dʒ]
11.7 [h]
11.1 導讀
擦音為氣流送到口腔某處,產生壓力,並從隙縫漏氣產生亂流之聲,根據聲帶振動與否,分有聲、無聲擦音。封閉而產生氣壓部位示意圖 |
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11.2 [f]/[v]
上排牙齒與下嘴唇造成亂流。注意:上排牙齒須輕咬下唇。
常見拼法:
- [f] f
- face, fall, factory
- [f] ph
- phase, alphabet, *graph
- [v] v
- vase, advance, leave
- [f][v]: face, vase
11.3 [θ]/[ð]
舌頭位於兩齒之間造成亂流。注意:舌尖必位於牙齒間,不可念成 [d][t] 或是 [l] 的音。
常見拼法:
- [θ] th
- think, nothing, month
- [ð] th
- that, mother, there
- [θ][l]: that, let
11.4 [s]/[z]
舌尖碰下排牙齒,兩側貼上牙齦,將氣送到上排牙齒後造成亂流。常見拼法:
- [s] s, ss, sc
- see, waste, worse, science
- [s] ci, ce, cy
- city, nice, cycle
- [z] z, zz
- zoo, lazy, size, *jazz
- [z] 長母音 s
- please, season, those
分辨練習:
- [s][z]: *zip, *sip
- x 在重音節讀做 [gz],不然則讀做 [ks]。
- exam, *exact
- examination, excellent, box
- cc 有時讀做 [ks]。
- accept
- [ts] 之 t 不釋放,然後釋放過程中轉換成 s 之嘴型,其聲若ㄘ。
- starts, sweets
- [ds] 之 d 不釋放,然後釋放過程中轉換成 s 之嘴型,其聲若ㄗ。
- attends, beads
字的結尾加上 es/s,之發音與拼法規則如下:
- [s]:結尾為無聲子音,拼法加上 s。
- [z]:結尾為有聲子音,拼法加上 s 。
- [ɪs]:結尾為 [tʃ][dʒ][ʃ][s][ks] 時,加上 es,但結尾如果原本就已經有 e 的話,則加上 s 即可。
- books, looks, beliefs
- *shares, bedrooms, bombs
- glasses, washes, changes
11.5 [ʃ]/[ʒ]
舌尖靠近上牙齦,兩側貼上牙齦,將氣送到齒後造成亂流。常見拼法:
- [ʃ] sh, ch
- shop, push, English, chef, machine
- [ʃ] sion, tion
- station, nation, question,
- [ʒ] ge
- *massage, *garage
- [ʒ] sion, sure, sual
- *vision, *decision, *measure, *leisure, *casual, *visual
- [ʃ][ʒ]: *mission, *vision
11.6 [tʃ]/[dʒ]
[tʃ] 與 [ʤ] 為兩子音組合而成的音。由塞音的嘴型 [t] [d] 開始,釋放而成 [ʃ] 與 [ʒ] 的嘴型,造成亂流。常見拼法:
- [tʃ] ch, tch
- chair, child, catch
- [tʃ] tu, tr
- picture, nature, train, treat
- [dʒ] dg
- edge, bridge, *judge
- [dʒ] j
- *judge, joke, June
- [dʒ] du,
- *gradual, *education, dream
分辨練習:
- [tʃ][dʒ]: *choke, joke
- train, treat
- dream, drink
11.7 [h]
輕閉聲門造成亂流。常見拼法:
- h
- happy, hat, ahead
分辨練習:
- [h]: hat, at