17.2 連讀
17.3 正式的連讀
17.4 不正式的連讀
17.1 導讀
讀到這邊,其實你已經掌握了發音的大原則了,本章將介紹一個最後的關鍵:連讀。我們會先幫大家複習正式的連讀與縮寫的正確用法,再介紹不正式約定成俗的的連讀與縮寫。17.2 連讀
英文中,許多常見的字詞組合由於容易推敲,又因不是內容字(不帶有資訊),容易推敲,故平日口語中會將這些常見的組合連讀不僅不會造成溝通問題,還可以增加效率。中文裡面也有許多連讀,正式的如論語裡面的:子曰:「君子求諸己,小人求諸人」的「諸」即為之於的連讀。我們口語常常說的,不正式的連讀舉例如下:- 醬就好了。
- 釀不行啦。
- 間天氣不錯。
- 眠要標去看電影?
相較於中文只有少數縮寫可以用在正式場合,可能因為英文是拼音文字,對縮寫的接受度比較高,有比較多的正式縮寫。這些縮寫、連讀在大部分口語或日常書信的場合中都可以使用,但正式的文件中仍強烈不建議使用縮寫。
17.3 正式的連讀
正式的縮寫、連讀有三類:- 人稱代名詞 + be
- 人稱代名詞 + 助動詞
- 助動詞 + not
人稱代名詞 + be 之正確縮寫、連讀:
- I am = I'm
- we/you/they are = we/you/they're
- she/he/it is = she's/he's/it's
- we/you/they were
- she/he/it was
以下助動詞在人稱代名詞後之正確縮寫、連讀:
連讀之助動詞之規則如下:
- am = 'm
- is/has = 's
- have = 've
- will = 'll
- would/had = 'd
- are = 're
否定字 not 否定動詞時,與其前之助動詞連讀,簡化為 n't。注意,並非每一個助動詞皆與 not 連讀。may, might, am 不與 not 連讀。
- is not = isn't
- are not = aren't
- were not = weren't
- should not = shouldn't
- could not = couldn't
- must not = mustn't
- have not = haven't
- has not = hasn't
- had not = hadn't
17.4 不正式的連讀
除了以上「正確」的縮寫連讀列表,仍有許多約定成俗的連讀與縮寫,就如同以上中文的例子,朋友之間、平日口語使用不會有問題,但任何書面語宜避免。以下有些連讀其實可以從我們稍早討論過的母音簡化、連音而得到,建議在看到每一個連讀的時候,不妨停下來想想有沒有辦法用之前所學來幫助理解、記憶。- see you = see ya
- because = 'cuz
- I want to = I wanna
- I don't know = I dunno
- let me = lemme
- give me = gimme
- have got to/got to = gotta
- should/would/could/must have = shoulda/woulda/coulda/musta
- going to = gonna
- what do you…? = wadda ya…?
- a lot of = a lotta
- kind of = kinda
- out of = adda
- go to = goddu
- yes = yeah/yup
- no = nope
- -ing = in'
備註:以上列表部分取自於 Mastering the American Accent, Lisa Mojsin。